AGENT ORANGE OUTSIDE OF VIETNAM -- A look at DoD's use of Agent Orange and other herbicides outside of Vietnam...Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, Hawaii,Texas, Indiana, Utah, Maryland, Rhode Island, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Arizona, New York, Washington, California and more...
I thought you would find it interesting to take a look at DoD's use of Agent Orange and other herbicides outside of Vietnam.
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Fort Gordon, GA
7/15/1967- 7/17/1967
in-house desiccants mixtures and formulations, Orange and Blue
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
basic, in-house, improved desiccants and Orange, Blue
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Derrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Base Gagetown near Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
6/20/1967- 6/24/1967
basic desiccants and Orange, Blue, various
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Las Marias, Puerto Rico
2/1967- 12/1967
various, including Orange
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Thailand
1964-1965
Purple, Orange, Others
Sponsored by ARPA; ARPA Order 423, Between the mentioned dates, there was a large-scale test program to determine effectiveness of mentioned agents in defoliation of upland forest or jungle vegetation representative of SEA.
Yes
Englin Air Force Base, FL
11/1952-12/1952
2,4-D, 2,4,5-T: 143 and 974, respectively
Two trials: Chemical Corps- concerned with basic fundamental work, using 2,4-D, Air Force-concerned with evaluating prototype large capacity spray system for aircraft installation using 2,4,5-T, primarily. Used 3 atomizing nozzles: Bete Fog Nozzles, Whir
Yes
Beaumont, TX
6/1944
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, they were testing on rice crops.
No
Bushnell Army Air Field, FL
2/1945
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was aerial spray experiments on potted plants
Yes
Vigo Plant CWS, Terre Haute, IN
5/1945- 9/1945
LN (see attached) *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was aerial trials spraying field grown plants.
Yes
Jefferson Proving Grounds, Madison, IN
Summer 1945
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was dropping trials.
Yes
Granite Peak, UT
Summer 1945
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was dropping trials.
Yes
Avon Air Force Base, FL
2/1951- 4/1951
butyl 2,4 D
Trials were conducted at Avon Air Force Base, FL by Chemical Corps with personnel of the Air Force and Navy to determine the practical effectiveness of spraying pure anticrop agents from at low volume from aircraft. C-47 and Navy XBT2D-1 aircraft with var
Yes
Area B, Camp Detrick, MD
Spring/Summer 1953
3:1 mixture 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
Personnel at Camp Detrick tested the feasibility of using an experimental spray tower for applying a mixture of chemical anticrop agents to broad-leaf crops.
Yes
Bushnell Army Air Field, Bushnell, FL
2/1945-4/1945
2,4-D and its ammonium salt
Trials, performed by C.W.S. personnel from Camp Detrick, MD tested the practicability of severely injuring or destroying crop plants sprayed from smoke tanks mounted on tactical aircraft.
Yes
Sea
Summer 1977
Orange
In 1977, the USAF incinerated 2.22 million gallons of Herbicide Orange at sea in an operation entitled PACER HO. Extensive industrial hygiene sampling efforts supporting the transfer operations at Gulfport, MS and Johnston Island indicated all exposures
In 1968, chemicals were sent from the Plant Sciences Lab, Ft Detrick, MD, to the Republic of Korea for the purpose of testing their effectiveness in the control of vegetation.
71 new arsenic compounds were tested in primary screening against 6 plant species in greenhouse tests. Then, 5 of the most active compounds were tested in field trials against Red Maple and compared to formulations of cacodylic acid and a 50:50 blend of
Yes
Eglin AFB, FL
6/11/1968-9/12/1968
orange, Bifluid #1, Bifluid#2, Stull Bifluid
A spread factor study was performed by the Army to correlate the spherical drop sizes of both Orange and Stull Bifluid defoliants. It involved development of new techniques to determine spread factors over an extended range of drop sizes. A spinning cup d
Yes
Fort Ritchie, MD
1963
Tordon, 2,4-D, Orange, diquat, endothal, and combinations of each with Tordon
Various studies were done to explore the effectiveness of different herbicides. They were all field trials. These studies were done by personnel from the US Army Biological Laboratories.
Yes
Fort Meade, MD
1963
cacodylic acid, Dowco 173, butyediol
Various studies were done to explore the effectiveness of different herbicides. They were all field trials. These studies were done by personnel from the US Army Biological Laboratories.
Yes
Kumbla, South India
1945-1946
LN compounds *phenoxy
The main objective of the experiments was to determine the feasibility of accomplishing severe injury or destruction of tropical food crops by the application of growth-inhibiting (LN*) compounds in static trials. Field plantings were treated with variou
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots.
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots.
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Fields C,D,E
1949
triethelyne. 2,4,5-T, carbamates
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were done by Ennis, DeRose, Newman, Williamson, DeRigo, and Thomas.
Yes
Kingston, RI
7/26/1949, 1950-51
trieth.2,4,5-T, butyl 2,4,5-T,974
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were carried out under supervision of T.E. Odland if RI State College. H.T. D
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Fields A,B,D,E
1950
2464, butyl 2,4-D, 974, butyl 2,4,5-T, q:q 143 and 974
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were done by Ennis, DeRose, Acker, Newman, Williamson, and Zimmerly.
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Field F
1950-51
2464, carbamate, butyl 2,4-D, 143 and 974 (orange?),2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, Orange
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were done by Acker, DeRose, McLane, Newman, Williamson, Baker, Dean, Johnson, T
Yes
Orlando, FL at Army Grove Air Force's Tactical Center
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent. Spraying was done here.
Yes
-
Near Lake George, FL
Spring 1944
zinc chloride
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent. Spraying here.
Yes
Near Wayside, Miss., Wilcox Road, Greenville, Miss.
9/19/1967
picloram, bromacil, pyriclor, and terbacil, Orange, cacodylic acid
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Las Mesas Cerros, Mayaguez, PR
5/24/1968, 5/26/1968, 5/27/1968
picloram, bromacil, pyriclor
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Fulcher Ranch, Greenville, Mississippi
4/15/1968
picloram and bromicil
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Replacement raining Center of the Royal Thai Army near Pranburi, Thailand
1964 and 1965
Orange, Purple
An extensive series of tests were conducted by Fort Detrick during 1964 and 1965 in collaboration with the Military Research and Development Center of Thailand. The objective was to perform onsite evaluation of phytotoxic chemicals on vegetation in SE As
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua experimental areas at Mayaguez, PR
During February to June, 9 chemicals were evaluated in PR on 16 genera tropical woody plants. The chemicals were applied in highly concentrated solutions with a microsprayer to the leaves.
Yes
Guanica and Joyuda, PR
6/1956-9/1956
2,4,5-T, potassium cyanate, amiendo, F-2, 6-Ca-4, Y-F Tree and Brush Kiler, ACP M-118, ShedA-Leaf
9 chemicals were evaluated on 16 genera of tropical woody between June and September. The chemicals were sprayed to duplicate small branches, using a microsprayer.
Yes
-
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, Joyuda at Cabo Rojo, and Guanica Insular Forest at Guanica, PR
16 compounds with defoliating properties were evaluated using 28 different tropical woody plants, each representing a separate genus. The chemicals were applied to duplicate small branches with a microsprayer and to single larger branches or whole trees
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, Guanica Beach, PR
7 compounds were evaluated on 29 different woody plants to determine their effectiveness as defoliants, desiccants, and as killing agents. They were applied with a microsprayer to the upper leaf surfaces of duplicate small branches.
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, Guanica Beach, PR
7 compounds were sprayed on 25 different plants in order to evaluate their effectiveness as defoliants, desiccants, and killing agents. The compounds were applied with a microsprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of duplicate small branches.
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, PR
7/1957-12/1957
MgClO3, Golden Harvest Defoliant, Dow-M562, F-8, F9, F-10, F-11, F-12
8 different spray formulations were applied to 16 different tropical trees and shrubs in order to evaluate their effectiveness as defoliants, desiccants, and killing agents.
Yes
Southeastern part of Kompong Cham Province and Dar and Prek Clong plantations, Cambodia
6/1969
Orange
In 6/1969, the US government received notice of charge by Cambodian government that major defoliation damage to the Cambodian rubber plantation near the RVN border had occurred as a result of US defoliation activity. This was confirmed by a team of exper
Yes
State Forest area, 3500 ft.elevation on slope of Mauna Loa, near Hilo, HI
The purpose of this project was to evaluate iso-octyl ester of picloram (TORDON) in mixtures with ORANGE, as a candidate defoliant agent, using ORANGE as standard. There were personnel from Fort Detrick there.
Und
Stone Valley Experimental Forest in Huntington County and near State College in Centre County, PA
3/1969-10/1970
bromacil, diuron, tandex, fenuron, picloram
Soil- applied herbicides were studied by the U of Pa with Ft Detrick for 18 months for their effectiveness, rapidity of action, and duration of response in native stands of central PA grasses, broadleaf weeds and woody plants. These herbicides were sprea
Und
Fort Detrick, MD; Fort Ritchie, MD
1956-1957
various, 577 compounds
In 1956 And 1957, defoliation and desiccation were carried out at Fort Detrick and Fort Ritchie, Maryland by the Chemical Corps and Biological Warfare Research. These were bench tests.
Yes
GA and TN
1964
diquat and Tordon 101, various
In 1964, helicopter spray tests were conducted on transmission line rights-of-way by the Georgia Power Company and Tennessee Valley Authority in collaboration with Fort Detrick to evaluate effectiveness of several commercially available herbicides.
Yes
2 areas in FL, 2 areas in GA, and 1 in TN
1968
bromacil, Tandex, monuron, diuron, and fenuron
In 1968, emphasis was given to soil applied herbicides for grass control. Applications were made by a jeep-mounted sprayer on small plots or by helicopter on larger plots.
Und
Orlando, FL, Cocoa, FL
1944
ammonium thiocyanate and zinc chloride
Tests were conducted in 1944 by the Army in Orlando and Cocoa areas of Florida to determine the value of ammonium thiocyanate and chloride as marking and defoliation agents.. They were conducted initially at ground level and later from aircraft.
Yes
Fort Knox, KY
1945
various
In 1945, a special project known as Sphinx was conducted jointly by CWS and the ARML to investigate the use of chemical agents for increasing the flammability of vegetation prior to flame attack.
Yes
Avon Park Air Force Base, FL
Spring 1954
butyl 2,4-D, butyl 2,4,5-T, Isopropyl 2,4-D
Series of tests were conducted at Avon Park AFB during the spring of 1954 to study the behavior of chemical anticrop aerial sprays when released from high-speed jet aircraft. The Navy F3D jet fighter was used with Aero 14A Airborne Spray Tanks to dispers
Yes
Galatin Valley near Bozeman, Montana
7/3/1953, 7/6/1953, 7/14/1953
4- fluorophenoxy-acetic acid and 2 of its esters, 3:1 butyl 2,4-D and butyl 2,4,5-T
A preliminary series of field evaluations ofchemical agents for attacking wheat using a miniature spraying system mounted on light aircraft were performed by USDA.
No
Laos
12/1965- 1967
Orange
In December 1965, herbicide operations were begun in Laos, with sorties being flown from Tan Son Nhut and Da Nang. The purpose was the exposure of foot trails, dirt roads and other LOCs that crossed into SVN. This network leads from NVN, through the eas
In 1965, the USFS began a land improvement program in the Pinal Mountains. The program called for spraying an area of chaparral with herbicides to accomplish the objectives ofmultiple land use.
No
Near Rio Grande, on the northeast coast of Puerto Rico
8/23/1967, 10/18/1967, 12/21/1967-12/26/1967
picloram, bromacil, pyriclor, and terbacil
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Poole's Island, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
7/14/1969-
Orange, Orange plus foam, Orange plus foam Orange, Foam
During the week of 7/14/1969, personnel from Naval Applied Science Laboratory in conjunction with personnel from Limited War Laboratory conducted a defoliation test along the shoreline.
Yes
Fort Drum, NY
1959
Orange
The Commanding General, 1st US Army, requested that Ft Detrick assist with defoliation efforts at Ft Drum. Thirteen drums were sprayed there on 4 square miles from a helicopter spray device.
Yes
Loquillo, PR
4/1966, 10/1966
Orange
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables.
Yes
Hilo, HI
12/1966
Orange
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables. There were Fort Detrick personne
Yes
Kauai,HI
1967
Orange
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables.
Yes
Thailand
1964-65
Orange, Blue
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables.
Yes
Jacksonville,FL
7/18/1962-7/21/1962
Purple, Fuel Oil, Mix
The HIDAL was used successfully on an H-34 helicopter to spray herbicidal materials. Therefore, it had not been calibrated previously. Spray tests were performed to do so. This was done under order by OSD/ARPA.
Yes
Fort Detrick, MD
8/1961-6/1963
1410 compounds
From 8/1961 to 6/1963, compounds were spray-tested in the greenhouse to evaluate them as effective defoliants, desiccants, and herbicides.
Yes
Gulfport, Miss.
1968-1970
Orange
While discussing the mandatory disposal of Orange, it was mentioned that 15,161 drums were being stored at Gulfport, Mississippi.
In 1968, chemicals were sent from the Plant Sciences Lab, Ft Detrick, MD, to the Republic of Korea for the purpose of testing their effectiveness in the control of vegetation.
In 1968, chemicals were sent from the Plant Sciences Lab, Ft Detrick, MD, to the Republic of Korea for the purpose of testing their effectiveness in the control of vegetation.
Yes
Hays, KS, Langdon, ND
1960
stem rust of wheat
Two studies on the stem rust of wheat were conducted during 1960 to obtain data on the establishment, development, and destructiveness of artificially induced stem rust epiphytotics.
Und
Eglin AFB, FL, C-52A test area
1962-70
Orange (1962-68), Purple (1962-68), White (1967-70), Blue (1968-70)
CPT John Hunter discussed vegetation changes and ecological studies of the 2 square mile test area which had been sprayed with herbicides over the period 1962-70.
Yes
Beaumont, TX
1950-51
2,4-D
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent. Here, irrigation water studies were done with the agent. Coghill, Hasse, and Yeatner wooorked here.
Und.
Prosser,WA
1950-51
2,4-D
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent.Here, irrigation water studies were done with the agent. V.F. Burns worked here.
Und.
Brawley, CA
1950-51
2,4-D
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent.Here, irrigation water studies were done with the agent. H.F. Arle worked here
Question
allan
posted by Berta, Aug-2006
AGENT ORANGE OUTSIDE OF VIETNAM -- A look at DoD's use of Agent Orange and other herbicides outside of Vietnam...Florida, Georgia, Arkansas, Hawaii,Texas, Indiana, Utah, Maryland, Rhode Island, Mississippi, Pennsylvania, Arizona, New York, Washington, California and more...
I thought you would find it interesting to take a look at DoD's use of Agent Orange and other herbicides outside of Vietnam.
VA's Agent Orange page here... http://www1.va.gov/agentorange/
Agent Orange handbook here... http://www1.va.gov/agentorange/docs/
Agent_Orange_Reg_Handbook1302.1_10-05-04.pdf
Agent Orange independent study course here...
http://www1.va.gov/agentorange/docs/VHIagentorange.pdf
And, the ten-page list of places where AO and other herbicides were used outside of Vietnam is here...
http://www1.va.gov/agentorange/docs/
Report_on_DoD_Herbicides_Outside_of_Vietnam.pdf
All ten pages are posted below:
---------------
Location
Dates
Agents
Project Description
DoD Involvement
Apalachicola National Forest near Sophoppy, FL
5/3/1967-5/8/1967
basic desiccants and Orange/Blue
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Fort Gordon, GA
7/15/1967- 7/17/1967
in-house desiccants mixtures and formulations, Orange and Blue
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Fort Chaffee, AK
5/16/1967-5/18/1967, 7/22/1967-7/23/1967, 8/23/1967 - 8/24/1967
basic, in-house, improved desiccants and Orange, Blue
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Derrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Base Gagetown near Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
6/20/1967- 6/24/1967
basic desiccants and Orange, Blue, various
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Las Marias, Puerto Rico
2/1967- 12/1967
various, including Orange
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Kauai Branch Station near Kapaa, Kawai, HI
6/1967, 10/1967, 2/1968, 12/1967
Blue,diquat,paraquat, Orange, PCP, Picloram, White, HCA, 2,4,5T, Endothall
During the period of 12/1966 - 10/1967, a comprehensive short-term evaluation was conducted by personnel from Fort Detrick's Plant Science Lab in coordination with contract research on formulations by chemical industry and field tests by USDA and U of HI
Yes
Thailand
1964-1965
Purple, Orange, Others
Sponsored by ARPA; ARPA Order 423, Between the mentioned dates, there was a large-scale test program to determine effectiveness of mentioned agents in defoliation of upland forest or jungle vegetation representative of SEA.
Yes
Englin Air Force Base, FL
11/1952-12/1952
2,4-D, 2,4,5-T: 143 and 974, respectively
Two trials: Chemical Corps- concerned with basic fundamental work, using 2,4-D, Air Force-concerned with evaluating prototype large capacity spray system for aircraft installation using 2,4,5-T, primarily. Used 3 atomizing nozzles: Bete Fog Nozzles, Whir
Yes
Beaumont, TX
6/1944
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, they were testing on rice crops.
No
Bushnell Army Air Field, FL
2/1945
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was aerial spray experiments on potted plants
Yes
Vigo Plant CWS, Terre Haute, IN
5/1945- 9/1945
LN (see attached) *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was aerial trials spraying field grown plants.
Yes
Jefferson Proving Grounds, Madison, IN
Summer 1945
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was dropping trials.
Yes
Granite Peak, UT
Summer 1945
LN *phenoxy
Small plot experiments were commenced to test the effectiveness of LN agents. Various trials were done under contract with the USDA, aided by personnel at Camp Detrick. Here, it was dropping trials.
Yes
Avon Air Force Base, FL
2/1951- 4/1951
butyl 2,4 D
Trials were conducted at Avon Air Force Base, FL by Chemical Corps with personnel of the Air Force and Navy to determine the practical effectiveness of spraying pure anticrop agents from at low volume from aircraft. C-47 and Navy XBT2D-1 aircraft with var
Yes
Area B, Camp Detrick, MD
Spring/Summer 1953
3:1 mixture 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T
Personnel at Camp Detrick tested the feasibility of using an experimental spray tower for applying a mixture of chemical anticrop agents to broad-leaf crops.
Yes
Bushnell Army Air Field, Bushnell, FL
2/1945-4/1945
2,4-D and its ammonium salt
Trials, performed by C.W.S. personnel from Camp Detrick, MD tested the practicability of severely injuring or destroying crop plants sprayed from smoke tanks mounted on tactical aircraft.
Yes
Sea
Summer 1977
Orange
In 1977, the USAF incinerated 2.22 million gallons of Herbicide Orange at sea in an operation entitled PACER HO. Extensive industrial hygiene sampling efforts supporting the transfer operations at Gulfport, MS and Johnston Island indicated all exposures
Yes, Gulfport No, JI
Korea, third Brigade, 2nd Division area
7/23/1968-7/24/1968
Hyvar XWS, tandex, Urox B, Urox Oil concentrate (liquids) bromacil, tandex, Urox 22 (solids)
In 1968, chemicals were sent from the Plant Sciences Lab, Ft Detrick, MD, to the Republic of Korea for the purpose of testing their effectiveness in the control of vegetation.
Yes
Marinette, WI, Weslaco, TX
5/1967-1/1969
arsenic compounds, Orange, cacodylic acid, sodium cacodylate
71 new arsenic compounds were tested in primary screening against 6 plant species in greenhouse tests. Then, 5 of the most active compounds were tested in field trials against Red Maple and compared to formulations of cacodylic acid and a 50:50 blend of
Yes
Eglin AFB, FL
6/11/1968-9/12/1968
orange, Bifluid #1, Bifluid#2, Stull Bifluid
A spread factor study was performed by the Army to correlate the spherical drop sizes of both Orange and Stull Bifluid defoliants. It involved development of new techniques to determine spread factors over an extended range of drop sizes. A spinning cup d
Yes
Fort Ritchie, MD
1963
Tordon, 2,4-D, Orange, diquat, endothal, and combinations of each with Tordon
Various studies were done to explore the effectiveness of different herbicides. They were all field trials. These studies were done by personnel from the US Army Biological Laboratories.
Yes
Fort Meade, MD
1963
cacodylic acid, Dowco 173, butyediol
Various studies were done to explore the effectiveness of different herbicides. They were all field trials. These studies were done by personnel from the US Army Biological Laboratories.
Yes
Kumbla, South India
1945-1946
LN compounds *phenoxy
The main objective of the experiments was to determine the feasibility of accomplishing severe injury or destruction of tropical food crops by the application of growth-inhibiting (LN*) compounds in static trials. Field plantings were treated with variou
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Fields A,B, and C
1946-1947
2,4,5-T, 2,4,5-T triethanolamine, tributylphosphate, ethyl 2,4-D, butyl 2,4,5-Ttriet 2,4-D,
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots.
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD- Fields C,D, and E
1948
2,4,5-T, isopropyl phenol carbamate, LN-2426, 2,4-D
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots.
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Fields C,D,E
1949
triethelyne. 2,4,5-T, carbamates
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were done by Ennis, DeRose, Newman, Williamson, DeRigo, and Thomas.
Yes
Kingston, RI
7/26/1949, 1950-51
trieth.2,4,5-T, butyl 2,4,5-T,974
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were carried out under supervision of T.E. Odland if RI State College. H.T. D
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Fields A,B,D,E
1950
2464, butyl 2,4-D, 974, butyl 2,4,5-T, q:q 143 and 974
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were done by Ennis, DeRose, Acker, Newman, Williamson, and Zimmerly.
Yes
Camp Detrick, MD-Field F
1950-51
2464, carbamate, butyl 2,4-D, 143 and 974 (orange?),2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, Orange
The experiments were directed mainly towards the investigation of plant inhibitors applied as sprays or to the soil in the solid form to be taken up by the roots. Experiments were done by Acker, DeRose, McLane, Newman, Williamson, Baker, Dean, Johnson, T
Yes
Orlando, FL at Army Grove Air Force's Tactical Center
3/14/1944, 4/12/1944
ammonium thiocynate, zinc chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium arsenate, sodium fluoride
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent.
Yes
Marathon, FL
3/21/1944-3/23/1944
zinc chloride, ammonium sulphamate, ammonium thiocynate
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent. Spraying was done here.
Yes
-
Near Lake George, FL
Spring 1944
zinc chloride
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent. Spraying here.
Yes
Near Wayside, Miss., Wilcox Road, Greenville, Miss.
9/19/1967
picloram, bromacil, pyriclor, and terbacil, Orange, cacodylic acid
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Las Mesas Cerros, Mayaguez, PR
5/24/1968, 5/26/1968, 5/27/1968
picloram, bromacil, pyriclor
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Fulcher Ranch, Greenville, Mississippi
4/15/1968
picloram and bromicil
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Replacement raining Center of the Royal Thai Army near Pranburi, Thailand
1964 and 1965
Orange, Purple
An extensive series of tests were conducted by Fort Detrick during 1964 and 1965 in collaboration with the Military Research and Development Center of Thailand. The objective was to perform onsite evaluation of phytotoxic chemicals on vegetation in SE As
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua experimental areas at Mayaguez, PR
2/1956-6/1956
2,4,5-T, 2,4-D, pentachlorophenol, ammate, weedazol, endothal Harvestaid, Butyne -1,4-diol
During February to June, 9 chemicals were evaluated in PR on 16 genera tropical woody plants. The chemicals were applied in highly concentrated solutions with a microsprayer to the leaves.
Yes
Guanica and Joyuda, PR
6/1956-9/1956
2,4,5-T, potassium cyanate, amiendo, F-2, 6-Ca-4, Y-F Tree and Brush Kiler, ACP M-118, ShedA-Leaf
9 chemicals were evaluated on 16 genera of tropical woody between June and September. The chemicals were sprayed to duplicate small branches, using a microsprayer.
Yes
-
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, Joyuda at Cabo Rojo, and Guanica Insular Forest at Guanica, PR
9/1956-12/1956
6-Ca-4,Liojn Oil,2,4,5-T, B-1613, B-1638, Ammate, V-C1-186, endothal, shed-a-leaf, M-118, Y-F,esteron 2,4-
16 compounds with defoliating properties were evaluated using 28 different tropical woody plants, each representing a separate genus. The chemicals were applied to duplicate small branches with a microsprayer and to single larger branches or whole trees
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, Guanica Beach, PR
1/1957-3/1957
V-C 3-105, V-C 1-21, V-C 1-443, F-7, TBP, Phillips 713, V-C 3-173
7 compounds were evaluated on 29 different woody plants to determine their effectiveness as defoliants, desiccants, and as killing agents. They were applied with a microsprayer to the upper leaf surfaces of duplicate small branches.
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, Guanica Beach, PR
4/1957-6/1957
B-1676, B-1638, NP 1098, SD 1369, Ammate, Shed-a-leaf
7 compounds were sprayed on 25 different plants in order to evaluate their effectiveness as defoliants, desiccants, and killing agents. The compounds were applied with a microsprayer to the upper and lower leaf surfaces of duplicate small branches.
Yes
Las Mesas and La Jagua, Mayaguez, PR
7/1957-12/1957
MgClO3, Golden Harvest Defoliant, Dow-M562, F-8, F9, F-10, F-11, F-12
8 different spray formulations were applied to 16 different tropical trees and shrubs in order to evaluate their effectiveness as defoliants, desiccants, and killing agents.
Yes
Southeastern part of Kompong Cham Province and Dar and Prek Clong plantations, Cambodia
6/1969
Orange
In 6/1969, the US government received notice of charge by Cambodian government that major defoliation damage to the Cambodian rubber plantation near the RVN border had occurred as a result of US defoliation activity. This was confirmed by a team of exper
Yes
State Forest area, 3500 ft.elevation on slope of Mauna Loa, near Hilo, HI
12/2/1966, 12/4/1966, 1/12/1967
Orange, M-3140, TORDON ester, 2,4-D ester, 2,4,5-T ester
The purpose of this project was to evaluate iso-octyl ester of picloram (TORDON) in mixtures with ORANGE, as a candidate defoliant agent, using ORANGE as standard. There were personnel from Fort Detrick there.
Und
Stone Valley Experimental Forest in Huntington County and near State College in Centre County, PA
3/1969-10/1970
bromacil, diuron, tandex, fenuron, picloram
Soil- applied herbicides were studied by the U of Pa with Ft Detrick for 18 months for their effectiveness, rapidity of action, and duration of response in native stands of central PA grasses, broadleaf weeds and woody plants. These herbicides were sprea
Und
Fort Detrick, MD; Fort Ritchie, MD
1956-1957
various, 577 compounds
In 1956 And 1957, defoliation and desiccation were carried out at Fort Detrick and Fort Ritchie, Maryland by the Chemical Corps and Biological Warfare Research. These were bench tests.
Yes
GA and TN
1964
diquat and Tordon 101, various
In 1964, helicopter spray tests were conducted on transmission line rights-of-way by the Georgia Power Company and Tennessee Valley Authority in collaboration with Fort Detrick to evaluate effectiveness of several commercially available herbicides.
Yes
2 areas in FL, 2 areas in GA, and 1 in TN
1968
bromacil, Tandex, monuron, diuron, and fenuron
In 1968, emphasis was given to soil applied herbicides for grass control. Applications were made by a jeep-mounted sprayer on small plots or by helicopter on larger plots.
Und
Orlando, FL, Cocoa, FL
1944
ammonium thiocyanate and zinc chloride
Tests were conducted in 1944 by the Army in Orlando and Cocoa areas of Florida to determine the value of ammonium thiocyanate and chloride as marking and defoliation agents.. They were conducted initially at ground level and later from aircraft.
Yes
Fort Knox, KY
1945
various
In 1945, a special project known as Sphinx was conducted jointly by CWS and the ARML to investigate the use of chemical agents for increasing the flammability of vegetation prior to flame attack.
Yes
Avon Park Air Force Base, FL
Spring 1954
butyl 2,4-D, butyl 2,4,5-T, Isopropyl 2,4-D
Series of tests were conducted at Avon Park AFB during the spring of 1954 to study the behavior of chemical anticrop aerial sprays when released from high-speed jet aircraft. The Navy F3D jet fighter was used with Aero 14A Airborne Spray Tanks to dispers
Yes
Galatin Valley near Bozeman, Montana
7/3/1953, 7/6/1953, 7/14/1953
4- fluorophenoxy-acetic acid and 2 of its esters, 3:1 butyl 2,4-D and butyl 2,4,5-T
A preliminary series of field evaluations ofchemical agents for attacking wheat using a miniature spraying system mounted on light aircraft were performed by USDA.
No
Laos
12/1965- 1967
Orange
In December 1965, herbicide operations were begun in Laos, with sorties being flown from Tan Son Nhut and Da Nang. The purpose was the exposure of foot trails, dirt roads and other LOCs that crossed into SVN. This network leads from NVN, through the eas
Yes
Pinal Mountains near Globe, AZ
1965, 1966, 1968, and 1969
2,4-D isooctyl-ester, 2,4,5-t isooctyl-ester, silvex, propyleneglycolbutylether ester, 2,4,5-T butyl ester, 2,4,5-T 2-e-h e
In 1965, the USFS began a land improvement program in the Pinal Mountains. The program called for spraying an area of chaparral with herbicides to accomplish the objectives ofmultiple land use.
No
Near Rio Grande, on the northeast coast of Puerto Rico
8/23/1967, 10/18/1967, 12/21/1967-12/26/1967
picloram, bromacil, pyriclor, and terbacil
In 1967, the Dow Chemical Company was awarded a DoD research contract. The objective was to prepare as pellets mixtures of various herbicides and to test them on varying vegetation situations for the control of a range of plant species.
Und
Poole's Island, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
7/14/1969-
Orange, Orange plus foam, Orange plus foam Orange, Foam
During the week of 7/14/1969, personnel from Naval Applied Science Laboratory in conjunction with personnel from Limited War Laboratory conducted a defoliation test along the shoreline.
Yes
Fort Drum, NY
1959
Orange
The Commanding General, 1st US Army, requested that Ft Detrick assist with defoliation efforts at Ft Drum. Thirteen drums were sprayed there on 4 square miles from a helicopter spray device.
Yes
Loquillo, PR
4/1966, 10/1966
Orange
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables.
Yes
Hilo, HI
12/1966
Orange
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables. There were Fort Detrick personne
Yes
Kauai,HI
1967
Orange
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables.
Yes
Thailand
1964-65
Orange, Blue
Field tests of defoliants were designed to evaluate such variables as rates, volume of application, season, and vegetation. Data from aerial application tests at several CONUS and OCONUS locations are provided in tables.
Yes
Jacksonville,FL
7/18/1962-7/21/1962
Purple, Fuel Oil, Mix
The HIDAL was used successfully on an H-34 helicopter to spray herbicidal materials. Therefore, it had not been calibrated previously. Spray tests were performed to do so. This was done under order by OSD/ARPA.
Yes
Fort Detrick, MD
8/1961-6/1963
1410 compounds
From 8/1961 to 6/1963, compounds were spray-tested in the greenhouse to evaluate them as effective defoliants, desiccants, and herbicides.
Yes
Gulfport, Miss.
1968-1970
Orange
While discussing the mandatory disposal of Orange, it was mentioned that 15,161 drums were being stored at Gulfport, Mississippi.
Yes
Korea,2nd and 4th Brigades, 2nd Division area
8/1968
Hyvar XWS, tandex, Urox B, Urox Oil concentrate (liquids) bromacil, tandex, Urox 22 (solids)
In 1968, chemicals were sent from the Plant Sciences Lab, Ft Detrick, MD, to the Republic of Korea for the purpose of testing their effectiveness in the control of vegetation.
Yes
Korea, third Brigade, 2nd Division area
10/3/1968
Hyvar XWS, tandex, Urox B, Urox Oil concentrate (liquids) bromacil, tandex, Urox 22 (solids)
In 1968, chemicals were sent from the Plant Sciences Lab, Ft Detrick, MD, to the Republic of Korea for the purpose of testing their effectiveness in the control of vegetation.
Yes
Hays, KS, Langdon, ND
1960
stem rust of wheat
Two studies on the stem rust of wheat were conducted during 1960 to obtain data on the establishment, development, and destructiveness of artificially induced stem rust epiphytotics.
Und
Eglin AFB, FL, C-52A test area
1962-70
Orange (1962-68), Purple (1962-68), White (1967-70), Blue (1968-70)
CPT John Hunter discussed vegetation changes and ecological studies of the 2 square mile test area which had been sprayed with herbicides over the period 1962-70.
Yes
Beaumont, TX
1950-51
2,4-D
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent. Here, irrigation water studies were done with the agent. Coghill, Hasse, and Yeatner wooorked here.
Und.
Prosser,WA
1950-51
2,4-D
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent.Here, irrigation water studies were done with the agent. V.F. Burns worked here.
Und.
Brawley, CA
1950-51
2,4-D
The purpose was to determine means of accomplishing defoliation of tropical forest vegetation by application of a chemical agent.Here, irrigation water studies were done with the agent. H.F. Arle worked here
Und.
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