Meta-analysis Of Case-referent Studies Of Specific Environmental Or Occupational Pollutants On Lung Cancer.

[Guest allan]

1: Indian J Cancer., 2006 Oct-Dec;43(4):169-73. Links

Meta-analysis of case-referent studies of specific environmental or occupational pollutants on lung cancer.

Mahjub H,

Sadri GH.

Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Iran. mahjub@umsha.ac.ir.

BACKGROUND: Meta-analysis is a statistical tool for combining and integrating the results of independent studies of a given scientific issue. The present investigation was initiated to investigate case-referent studies of lung cancer risk from specific environmental and occupational pollutants, using detailed individual exposure data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the risk of lung cancer associated with environmental and occupational pollutants, a meta-analysis of published case-control studies was undertaken using a random effects model. For this study, the papers were selected for review from electronic search of PubMed, Medline and Google Scholar during 1990-2006. The principal outcome measure was the odds ratio for the risk of lung cancer. Twelve study reports detailing the relationship between the lung cancer and the type of exposure were identified.

RESULTS: The odds ratio of asbestos, cooking fuel, cooking fumes, motor and diesel exhaust related to lung cancer were 1.67, 1.99, 2.52 and 1.42 (P < 0.001), respectively. The odds ratio of metal fumes related to lung cancer was 1.28 (0.001 P < 0.01). The combined odds ratio for the environmental and occupational exposure related to lung cancer was 1.67 (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The meta-analysis of the present study shows the magnitude association between asbestos, cooking fumes, cooking fuels, motor and diesel exhaust, with lung cancer risk. Lung cancer risk may be reduced by controlling exposure levels.

PMID: 17192688 [PubMed - in process]

SOURCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17192688&query_hl=7&itool=pubmed_DocSum

[Guest allan]

1: Occup Environ Med, 1997 Nov;54(11):817-24. Links

Occupational exposure to carcinogens and risk of lung cancer: results from The Netherlands cohort study.

• van Loon AJ,
  
• Kant IJ,
  
• Swaen GM,
  
• Goldbohm RA,
  
• Kremer AM,
  
• van den Brandt PA.
  

University of Limburg, Department of Epidemiology, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate risk of lung cancers associated with common established carcinogenic occupational exposures (asbestos, paint dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and welding fumes) in a prospective cohort study among the general population, and to estimate the proportion of lung cancer cases attributable to these occupational exposures.

METHODS: A prospective cohort study on diet, other lifestyle factors, job history, and cancer risk that started in 1986 in The Netherlands on 58,279 men, aged 55-69 years. Based on information about job history obtained from a self-administered questionnaire, case by case expert assessment was carried out to assign to each study subject a cumulative probability of occupational exposure for each carcinogenic exposure. For analysis, a case-cohort approach was used, in which the person-years at risk were estimated from a randomly selected subcohort (n = 1688). After 4.3 years of follow up, 524 lung cancer cases with complete job history were available.

RESULTS: After adjustment for age, each of the other occupational exposures, and for smoking habits and intake of vitamin C, beta-carotene, and retinol, significant associations were found between risk of lung cancer and cumulative probability of occupational exposure to asbestos (relative risk (RR) highest/no exposure = 3.49, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.69 to 7.18, trend P < 0.01 or paint dust (RR highest/no exposure = 2.48, 95% CI 0.88 to 6.97, trend P < 0.01). The population attributable risks (PARs) for the four exposures based on the multivariately adjusted RRs for ever exposed versus never exposed workers were calculated. The PAR of lifetime occupational exposure to asbestos was calculated to be 11.6%.

CONCLUSIONS: This prospective cohort study among the general population showed that occupational exposure to asbestos or paint dust is associated with higher RRs for lung cancer. This study shows that after adjustment for smoking and diet about 11.6% of the cases of lung cancer in men is attributable to lifetime occupational exposure to asbestos.

PMID: 9538355 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]