If I understand your post you let the claim drop, then refiled. If you refiled then you get nothing in back pay. I have a little trouble understanding your post, but as it stands it is a new claim.
I think it will count and yes, a commission officer will help. I don't mean to say you'll get what you ask for. If you know someone of lower rank who'll write the Buddy Statement for you it'll help as well. You've heard the expression the more he merrier. It is called supporting evidence. Anything you can support your claim with send it as well. Good Luck and God Bless
No your wife cannot get health care through the VA Hospital. The VA did for a while let the wives of retired members use the Hospital, but had to stop that. Wish I could tell you your wife could, but it just can't be done. .